Langston Hughes Essay

Langston Hughes had amaze one of the most resounding names in American Literature. Of course, the primary reason for his achiever would be his adept use of words and the message he wants to convey. However, his racial profile could have overly come into play in his popularity. But no one could deny the talent of Hughes in his work. His works display intricate design and a significant message such as on Salvation. Langston Hughes had become one of the best known drop a liners because the messages that he wants to convey are of great value to the society, particularly the value of being proud of ones race.He was born into a relatively large family wherein he had eight siblings. His parents had separated and he had to be taken in by his grandmother. Unfortunately, his grandmother died and again he had to be taken in by family friends. This unstable custody of Langston Hughes could direct us to the assumption that he did not live a happy childhood. Although, it could also lead us t o the assumption that his unstable childhood had profoundly influenced him to be writer later in life.At a very progeny age, Langston Hughes was manifestly being trained unknowingly by the people around. As a child, he used to listen to the black American oral tradition of storytelling. His young mind was inculcated with the value of race to an individual. As the young Langston Hughes develops consciousness about the things that are happening around him, he is introduced to the bitter realities of life. During Hughes time, racism is a paramount problem of the society.This aspect of his biography is one of the most belike reason why Langston Hughes had become a writer. His passion to fight racism is one of the main(prenominal) driving force of his writings. His first poem was titled Crisis, which was published in 1921. The concept of salvation had captivated the mind of Langston Hughes. And in relation to his writing, he whitethorn have wanted to convey how people like him, who experiences racism, experience real salvation. His works seemingly suggests that salvation could be found from within ones self.His messages for the young people are seemingly a call for being saved from the oppression set against them by the society. If Langston Hughes did not become a writer, it is likely that he would have become a full time activist against racial discrimination. His concern for the society, especially for Black Americans is something that even he could not end easily. One of his best known work is on the poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers. From the title alone, the readers are already hinted that this poem would be about race, as hinted by the term Negro. Although there could be multiple readings about the poem, the point is that it is a beautiful poem. Hughes may have wanted to tell the world that Black Americans are just as good as any race in terms of poetry. The poem is like Hughes statement that dares racists to say to question if Black Americans could write beautiful poems. All in all, Langston Hughes had become of the best known writers because he had become the voice for the underrepresented black fellowship. In many respects, he had introduced the black community to the world.

Breach of Contract & Remedies Essay

A discover of narrow down occurs where a ships company to a get down fails to perform, precisely and exactly, his obligations under the centralise. This cornerstone take various forms for example, the failure to supply goods or perform a service as agreed. Breach of contract may be either actual or anticipatory.Actual breach occurs where one political party refuses to form his font of the bargain on the due date or performs incompletely.For example Poussard v Spiers and Bettini v Gye.Anticipatory breach occurs where one party announces, in advance of the due date for transaction, that he intends not to perform his side of the bargain. The innocent party may sue for redress immediately the breach is announced. Hochster v De La Tour is an example.Effects of breachA breach of contract, no matter what form it may take, always entitles the innocent party to maintain an action for insurance, but the rule established by a long grapevine of authorities is that the right of a par ty to treat a contract as discharged arises still in three situations.The breaches which give the innocent party the option of terminating the contract atomic number 18(a) RenunciationRenunciation occurs where a party refuses to perform his obligations under the contract. It may be either express or implied. Hochster v De La Tour is a case law example of express renunciation.Renunciation is implied where the reasonable inference from the defendants conduct is that he no longer intends to perform his side of the contract. For example Omnium DEnterprises v Sutherland.(b) Breach of conditionThe act repudiatory breach occurs where the party in default has committed a breach of condition. Thus, for example, in Poussard v Spiers the employer had a right to terminate the sopranos employment when she failed to arrive for surgical operations.(c) Fundamental breachThe third repudiatory breach is where the party in breach has committed a serious (or fundamental) breach of an innominate te rm or totally fails to perform the contract.A repudiatory breach does not automatically chip in the contract to an end. The innocent party has two optionsHe may treat the contract as discharged and bring an action for restitution for breach of contract immediately. This is what occurred in, for example, Hochster v De La Tour.He may elect to treat the contract as still valid, complete his side of the bargain and then sue for fee by the other side. For example, White and Carter Ltd v McGregor.Introduction to remediesDamages is the basic let off available for a breach of contract. It is a common law remedy that can be claimed as of right by the innocent party. The object of restitution is usually to put the injured party into the same financial slope he would catch been in had the contract been properly performed. Sometimes damages are not an adequate remedy and this is where the equitable remedies (such as specific performance and injunction) may be awarded.Damages3.1 NatureThe major remedy available at common law for breach of contract is an award of damages. This is a financial sum fixed by the court to compensate the injured party.In order to recover substantial damages the innocent party must designate that he has suffered actual bolshie if there is no actual release he leave alone only be entitled to nominal damages in recognition of the fact that he has a valid cause of action.In making an award of damages, the court has two major considerationsRemoteness for what consequences of the breach is the defendant legally responsible?The measure of damages the principles upon which the loss or damage is evaluated or quantified in monetary terms.The second consideration is quite distinct from the premiere, and can be decided by the court only after the first has been determined.3.2 Remoteness of lossThe rule governing remoteness of loss in contract was established in Hadley v Baxendale. The court established the principle that where one party is in breach of contract, the other should receive damages which can pretty and reasonably be considered to arise naturally from the breach of contract itself (in the normal course of things), or which may reasonably be assumed to have been within the contemplation of the parties at the time they made the contract as cosmos the probable result of a breach.Thus, there are two types of loss for which damages may be recovered 1. what arises naturally and2. what the parties could foresee when the contract was made as the likely result of breach.As a consequence of the first limb of the rule in Hadley v Baxendale, the party in breach is deemed to expect the normal consequences of the breach, whether he actually expected them or not.Under the second limb of the rule, the party in breach can only be held liable for abnormal consequences where he has actual knowledge that the abnormal consequences might comprise or where he reasonably ought to know that the abnormal consequences might follow Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries.3.3 The measure (or quantum) of damagesIn assessing the amount of damages payable, the courts use the following principlesThe amount of damages is to compensate the claimant for his loss not to punish the defendant.Damages are compensatory not restitutionary.The most usual basis of compensatory damages is to put the innocent party into the same financial position he would have been in had the contract been properly performed. This is sometimes called the expectation loss basis. In Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries, for example, Victoria Laundry were claiming for the profits they would have made had the boiler been installed on the contractually agreed date.Sometimes a claimant may prefer to frame his claim in the alternative on the reliance loss basis and thereby recover expenses incurred in anticipation of performance and use as a result of the breach Anglia Television v Reed. In a contract for the sale of goods, the statutory (Sale of Goo ds Act 1979) measure of damages is the deviance between the market price at the date of the breach and the contract price, so that only nominal damages will be awarded to a claimant buyer or claimant seller if the price at the date of breach was respectively less or more than the contract price.In fixing the amount of damages, the courts will usually deduct the tax (if any) which would have been payable by the claimant if the contract had not been broken. Thus if damages are awarded for loss of earnings, they will commonly be by reference to net, not gross, pay. Difficulty in assessing the amount of damages does not pr howevert the injured party from receiving themChaplin v Hicks.In general, damages are not awarded for non-pecuniary loss such as mental distress and loss of enjoyment. Exceptionally, however, damages are awarded for such losses where the contracts purpose is to throw out happiness or enjoyment, as is the situation with contracts for holidays Jarvis v Swan Tours. Th e innocent party must take reasonable steps to mitigate (minimise) his loss, for example, by nerve-wracking to find an alternative method of performance of the contractBrace v Calder.3.4 Liquidated damages clauses and penalty clausesIf a contract includes a provision that, on a breach of contract, damages of a certain amount or calculable at a certain rate will be payable, the courts will normally accept the relevant figure as a measure of damages. Such clauses are called liquidated damages clauses.The courts will uphold a liquidated damages clause even if that means that the injured party receives less (or more as the case may be) than his actual loss arising on the breach. This is because the clause setting out the damages constitutes one of the agreed contractual terms Cellulose Acetate Silk Co Ltd v Widnes Foundry Ltd.However, a court will ignore a figure for damages put in a contract if it is classed as a penalty clause that is, a sum which is not a genuine pre-estimate of t he expected loss on breach.This could be the case where1. The prescribed sum is extravagant in comparison with the proverbum loss that could follow from a breach.2. The contract provides for payment of a certain sum but a larger sum is stipulated to be payable on a breach.3. The same sum is fixed as being payable for several breaches which would be likely to cause varying amounts of damage.All of the above cases would be regarded as penalties, even though the clause might be described in the contract as a liquidated damages clause. The court will not enforce payment of a penalty, and if the contract is broken only the actual loss suffered may be recovered (Ford Motor Co (England) Ltd v Armstrong).Equitable remedies4.1 Specific performanceThis is an order of the court requiring performance of a positive contractual obligation.Specific performance is not available in the following circumstancesDamages provide an adequate remedy.Where the order could cause unreasonable hardship.Where the contract is of such a nature that constant supervision by the court would be required, eg, Ryan v Mutual Tontine Association.Where an order of specific performance would be possible against one party to the contract, but not the other.Where the party seeking the order has acted unfairly or unconscionably. He is barred by the maxim He who comes to Equity must come with clean hands.Where the order is not sought promptly the claimant will be barred by the maxims impede defeats the Equities and Equity assists the vigilant but not the indolent.In general the court will only grant specific performance where it would be vindicatory and equitable to do so.4.2 InjunctionAn injunction is an order of the court requiring a person to perform a negative obligation.Injunctions fall into two broad categoriesprohibitive injunction, which is an order that something must not be done.Mandatory injunction, which is an order that something must be done, for example to pull down a wall which has be en erected in breach of contract. Like specific performance it is an equitable remedy and the court exercises its discretion according to the same principles as with specific performance, eg, Page One Records Ltd v Britton and Warner Brothers v Nelson.

British vs. moghuls

India, the jewel in the cr hold, earns a skepticism that concludes divergent views. The end result is practically an argument, which raises the questions regarding whether or non the imperial rule of the British Raj was justified. The title (British Raj) itself seems to juxtapose east with west, with an ironic rhythmic harmony. Where the Koh-e-Noor of India symbolized the political pride of the already neat Britain, eyes of the writers never miss the individual price that the British had to pay on personal basis.Adventure or alternate, what ever the mission to India represented, individuals found themselves paying more than taking from it. A rush to India raises the question regarding the possibility of a harmonious co population of the two nations, the English and the Indians. The answer to which comes as more negative than affirmed. Confined by their own narrow mindedness, the colonists mostly remained reserved and unappreciative towards Indias splendor and grandeur.Their rac ial prejudices, cultural superiority complex and inability to grasp its diversity, barred them to reap the expert and artistic harvest that the Moghuls enjoyed and multiplied as its more benign rulers. Coming from Kabul, the Moghuls approached the land with more open mindedness than the British. Nevertheless, they in addition considered the natives as ignorant and recessive they center on adopting the land rather than raping it like the later invaders. They presented themselves as symbols of interracial, multicultural harmonious co existence, only to be reproached by the fundamentalists.Comp ard to them, the British remained aloof and anomic in their own colonies. They despised the masses in general for their ugliness (determined by their skin colors), unsanitary and unhygienic living conditions, indiscipline and ignorance. More often than not did they succeed in imprinting their racial superiority in the colonized minds, yet they failed in winning over their empathy. On an indi vidual level, the British could not open up to welcome the variety of people and glossinesss, whole heartedly.Thus, limiting themselves in experience and growth. Under the yolk of imperialism, the colonists served two purposes mainly, i. e. , economicals and politics. thither main concern for the land at best was self centered. They on the one hand, wanted to keep it as a factor market providing new material for their growing industrial capitalism, while on the other it laid patterns of a consumption oriented society that promised long term profits. Either ways, it was in the interest of the British to exploit natives in their related markets.They confiscated vast areas of agricultural personal properties on one pretense or another and implemented profound tithes on agricultural produce. To make their policies more effective, they reinstated Zamindara Nizam, through which it became more feasible to exploit the local peasants by their privileged counter parts. Compared to the Bri tish, the Moghuls had been more liberal with their economic policies. In a broader sense the Moghuls seem more giving than taking from India. After conquering major parts of Punjab, the Moghuls chose to settle in Delhi and Lahore, making Punjab their family land.The Moghul emperors Akbar and Shah Jahan implemented policies that determine economic and intellectual growth and India was on its highest economic ebb under their rule. Their strategies flourished Indian architecture and arts industry, in particular. However, the Moghuls remained unattracted towards industrial and mechanical innovations, partly because of their own ignorance of the growing industrial disciplines and partly because of the empathy for the poor masses, which were structured to earn income by old traditional manners.Even if the economic policies of the Moghuls were less mechanized and modern, they were more popular with the natives as compared to those of the British. The later development strategies of the B ritish however, were effective yet they earn more credit than due. The development of the British Indian railways, the canalize network and the consequent development and rehabilitation of the Chenab colonies are viewed as highly effective development strategies. However, the principle interest again remained personal.The empire needed to marshal the masses in order to deal with the growing unemployment and the consequent disturbances in the urban areas secondly by cultivating the long neglected vast arable lands, they ply their own industries dealing with the agricultural produce. With in a short period of time six millions of large arid waste was turned into high tame cultivable land. In a kind context, the British, as it suited their own interests, aggravated the hatred between the two dominant sects in India, namely Hindus and Muslims. Their come apart and rule policy focused on bringing disharmony between them.The Hindu Muslim unity proved to be a great nemesis to the ne wly built oppressive government. The first alarm of which was realized in 1857, the War of Independence. Also known as the Sepoys Mutiny, the rebellion started within the lour ranks of the Indian army. Despised by both Hindus and Muslims, the cartridges, lubricated by the fats of cows and pigs, became the bone of contention between the government and army. Even though the rebellion was hold in shortly afterwards, it left the British with a life long lesson that together, the Indians can be a big threat to their authoritarian rule.Later on they implemented policies in which the Hindus were comparatively privileged as compared to the Muslims. This left a kind of resentment and jealousy on the Muslims behalf. Hindus as it suited them, made full use of the British policies. The British henceforth succeeded in dividing the two nations and at long last regnant them. Thus, gone were the efforts of Akbar, Amir Khusraw, Kabir and the other Sufi poets like Bullah Shah, Shah Abdul Lateef B hatai and Sultan Bahu, to spread the message of apparitional tolerance and humanity.Had the British been apprehensive towards the observations and experiences of the early missionaries, they should have adopted policies less oppressive and more humane. The early settlers seem impressed by the new culture that they acquainted in India however, they seemed unhappy with the religious bigotry and few rituals which by their very nature were offensive, like suttee. Had the British superseded their capitalist interests, they would have approached India with great reforms and eventually had been more welcomed by the natives.But their preoccupations with their colonial interests resulted in the implementation of strict and oppressive governing techniques, which so far widened the gaps between the two nations and eventually won hostilities towards the ruling elites from the poor masses. To bridge the gaps between themselves and the natives, while operating at a safe distance, the British aim ed at patronizing the natives in their own image. Macaulays tinge regarding Indian educational reforms is of significant importance.He summarized his suggestion in few lines, We must at present do our best to form a class who whitethorn be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons, Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population. (1835).At educational institutions the natives were taught to believe and obey the racial and cultural sovereignty of the colonizers. Thus, grooming the natives as babus. Uprooted from the rest, but not welcomed whole heartedly by their patrons, the babus somewhat remained a suspended entity between the two opposite s. It is this realization of the oppressive methods of ruling India by the British, that the answer to the question raised earlier in the movie, A Passage To India, found on a novel by E. M. Forster, is that Indians and the Englishmen can make friendly relations only after the British leave India.A happy co existence between the oppressors and the oppressed is not a possibility. Though, attracted by the educated young Indians, the English cannot over come their conditioned response towards other nations as inferiors and undisciplined. Their reservedness either make them skeptic and insensitive like Heaslop or other wise make them vulnerable like Adela. The liberals like Mr. Fielding are just too few yet even he admits that any long term healthy relationships cannot be expected between the two, with the presence of the British in the country.Therefore, the fellowship between Fielding and Aziz becomes a symbol of the possibilities and limitations of the relationships of the two nat ions. The ups and downs in their relationships show the inevitable threat that any such relationship suffers by the difference of social backgrounds. Similar themes were selected by other post colonial English writers like Kipling and Paul Scott, who emphasized that the English at best can make relationships with the Indians which are potentially vulnerable.Though they have been a great asset to the empire, the colonizers felt uprooted, isolated and limited in the alien land which was there to serve them but was not really there own. From Eva March Tappan, ed. , The Worlds Story A History of the World in Story, Song and Art, (Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1914), Vol. II India, Persia, Mesopotamia, and Palestine, pp. 169-179. From Henry James Coleridge, ed. , The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, 2d Ed. , 2 Vols. (London Burns & Oates, 1890), and Vol. I, pp. 151-163 reprinted in William H.McNeil and Mitsuko Iriye, eds. , Modern Asia and Africa, Readings in World History Vol. 9, (New York Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 4-11. From Thomas Babington Macaulay, Minute of 2 February 1835 on Indian Education, Macaulay, Prose and Poetry, selected by G. M. Young (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press, 1957), pp-721-24,729. Ahsan, aitzaz Indus Saga and The Making of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, 1997. David Gilmartin Migration And Modernity. People On The Move. Ed. Ian Talbot and Shinder Thandi Oxford University Press, 2004.

The Alchemist

Paulo Coelho, The Alchemist Following your dream is no easy task. Thesis Statement Paulo Coelhos book, The Alchemist (1988), demonstrates a boy named capital of Chile following his dream, also known as his private Legend, and encounters various obstacles, which will convey him to what he will become. The connection made by Paulo Coelho in this manuscript was, all that is close to him will eventually assist the effort made by the individual (Santiago). Paulo Coelho reveals many spiritual/religious references tied with the acts and decisions of Santiago, and how they hightail it him, and how he follows them up to obtain his desired dream.Introduction An old man that he had met in his village awakes Santiago, a young shepherd. Awoken in the sense that this man state he was a office, and had inspired Santiago to follow his Personal Legend, basically, his dream, and had served knowledge to this young fellow. Throughout Santiagos journeys, good omens had made him accompany his goal. The shepherd encounters various strangers, which help him, willingly or not, to chase his goal. During his quest, he awakes various senses he never had before, such as profound wisdom, communicating with nature, a spiritual connection with God, and the art of Alchemy.Santiago constantly takes life-threatening risks, which are considered challenges in the face of God. Throughout his whole journey, Santiago persistently follows his one and only causal agency of organism, his dream, which is to find the treasure he dreamed of as a shepherd, and throughout his whole adventure, every little detail that crossed him, every lesson that he had been taught, with or without words, the soul of the world that he understood to communicate with, every little detail had defined his true treasure. Body Essay As pointed out, Santiago was a dream chaser, he wanted to discover his Personal Legend, what pushed him to do so was a wise old king Melchizedek. The fact that a King would speak to a shepherd is very odd, although the King was doing it for several(prenominal) savvys, it may include the fact that he wanted to make other people commit and drive them to know their Personal Legend as shown Why would a king be talking with a shepherd? the boy asked, awed and embarrassed. For several reasons. But lets say that the most important is that you have succeeded in discovering your Personal Legend. (21) This explains how the king is trying to help the Santiago realize his reason of life.As stated previously, he had overcome an obstacle that had given him patience, wisdom, and a lesson. He necessitated to understand that everything had a soul, which when he was an apprentice crystal merchant, had taught him these qualities. Everything on earth is being continuously transformed, because the earth is alive . . . and it has a soul. We are part of that soul, so we rarely recognize that it is working for us. But in the crystal shop you in all likelihood completed that even the glasse s were collaborating in your success. (79) This spiritual reference indicates that if he insisted on succeeding his dream, everything around him, conscious/unconscious will be of assist to him. Long travels were endured by Santiago yet, he was on the verge of giving up his Personal Legend for a woman, which is natural. The love he felt for Fatima, (the woman he loved), was an asset that pushed him to go further on and chasing his dream, yet, at the same time, it made him doubt the fact that if this was all worth the chase, the gamble of life and death. During the third year, the omens will continue to speak of your treasure and your Personal Legend.Youll walk around, night after night at the oasis, and Fatima will be unhappy because shell feel it was she who break your quest. But you will love her, and shell return your love. Youll remember that she never asked you to stay, because a woman of the desert knows that she must await her man. So you wont rouse her. But many times you ll walk the sands of the desert, thinking that maybe you could have left . . . that you could have trusted more in your love for Fatima. Because what kept you at the oasis was your own fear that you might never come back. At that point, the omens will tell you that your treasure is buried forever. (120) Here is another mannikin of the proverb shown in the book, when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it, as which everything around him drives him to go further and pursuit his dream. He realized that his dream had shown him all these magnificent experiences nothing would stop him at this point, even Santiago, a shepherd, a boy, did not fear death. His dream meant everything to him. Conclusion Santiago, a round-eyed shepherd, made it very far in life by just pursuing in an extremist way his true goal in life, his Personal Legend.He had overcome every obstacle God and nature intended to test him with, and succeeded in a redeeming way. It is wonde rful how Paulo Coelho shows that when you pursue what you love in life, everything around you, living or unconscious, will help you. Santiago proves bravery, strength, wisdom, patience, and various other qualities. It is astonishing how by doing things with love, and joy, you connect with the world and God. Santiago at this point, had completed his emptiness, he achieved his one true meaning, his dream and goal.

Woolf and Mcewan: How the Modern Became Postmodern

Ian McEwans At onement spates inspiration from and tout ensembleudes to a vast number of 20th light speed modernist reservoirs and works, both stylistic each(prenominal)y and thematically. For a novel to be considered a successful apogee to the reading of a large body of works, however, it must not be content with merely echoing the themes, styles, and forms of the past. Rather, it must stretch along them, add to them creatively, and attempt to pull them into contemporary readership.While his thematic and stylistic allusions to 20th century greats such as Virginia Woolf show his intellectual knowledge of and debt to 20th century modernist writing, it is McEwans ability to transform these stylistic and thematic elements and mold them into a postmodern classic that makes Atonement a more than than passable culmination to the readings of a 20th century British Literature course. Stylistically, McEwan draws most heavily from the works of Virginia Woolf for the opening portion of Atonement.The slow pace of the opening, allowing for the painstakingly detailed description of close every scene, in addition to the examination of the psychological motives of multiple main characters, closely mirrors the style of Virginia Woolf, which she incorporates into the majority of her works. To quote a characteristically slow paced, though psychologically enriched, passage from the opening of Woolfs Between the Acts, Mrs. Manresa bubbled up, enjoying her own capacity to surmount, without turning a hair, this minor social crisisthis laying on of two more plates.For had she not complete faith in flesh and blood? and atomic number 18nt we all flesh and blood? and how silly to make bones of trifles when were all flesh and blood under the skin (Woolf 39). The passage, to one unfamiliar with the stylistically innovative style of Woolf, seems to meander under the weight of an overly descriptive autobiography and, more prominently, under the psychological musings of a chara cter that, until a few pages previous, was nonexistent to the reader. The majority of Between the Acts contains passages of a similar style, of which this is only one haphazardly chosen example.As is true of many of the passages that can be found in any Woolfian novel, advancing the storyline is secondary to fleshing out the motives, thoughts, and feelings of the characters. With the plot safely station behind in-depth psychological examination in rank of importance, Woolf is free to experiment with a stream-of-consciousness style narrative in which psychological elements of the story feature more prominently than physical elements. In addition to the stream-of-consciousness for which she is well known, there are other characteristics common to ofttimes of Woolfs work.For example, she has the tendency to describe a scene, more often than not, a natural scene, in painstaking detail, reluctant to add action that would too quickly further the narrative. Another passage from Between the Acts provides and adequate example of this, reading, Here came the sunan illimitable rapture of joy, embracing every flower, every leaf. Then in compassion it withdrew, covering its face, as if it forebore to look on human suffering. There was a fecklessness, a lack of symmetry and order in the clouds as they thinned and thicked.Was it their law, or no law they obeyed? (Woolf 23). This description of temper essentially is of no consequence to the narrative yet the full passage describing the weather proceeds for almost a full page. The flowing, exceptionally detailed descriptions coinciding with an apparently lacking story line and an in-depth psychological view that the reader is privy to as a result of the stream-of-consciousness style, are all aspects of Woolfian literature that McEwan attempts to draw from and mold to his own postmodernist designs.While McEwan draws inspiration from Woolf in a way that would be just as simple for an author of less talent to do, his aims ar e far deeper reaching than an author who simply wishes to garner a comparison to Virginia Woolf. McEwan does borrow quite clearly from the stylings of Woolf, even commenting it upon it himself, writing, we wondered if it owed a little too much to the techniques of Mrs. Woolf (McEwan 294). Rather than be content with merely keeping her modernist conventions intact, however, he completely alters their meaning within the place setting of his own novel.In the opening portions of Atonement, for example, McEwan, in quite a similar way as Woolf, attempts to gain entry to the psychological depths of his characters. With the exception of a few broad passages required to move the story forward finished dialogue or action, the majority of the opening is devoted to the internal monologues of the characters and an examination of their needs, desires, and feelings. This is clearly defined in the earliest pages as the ovel provides passages such as, She valued to leave, she wanted to lie alone, facedown on her bed and savor the vile piquancy of the moment, and go back down the lines of branching consequence to the point before the destruction began (McEwan 14). This passage, one of many in a similar style throughout Atonement, attempts, in a stream-of-consciousness in the classic Woolfian sense, to examine the inner psyche of the character quite than force any sort physical, tangible action to occur. In this way, the storys narrative may seem slow paced while the characters motives become more well known to the reader.This borrowing stylistically from Woolf is not necessarily important or groundbreaking, and is surely no deciding factor in whether this novel should be viewed as a classic in coming decades. There have been many authors who have devoted the entirety of their works to the stream-of-consciousness fiction that Woolf helped to pioneer. As mentioned above, what makes McEwan an author deserving of longevity in his works is that the allusions are not merely pres ented, simply are completely altered from their original meaning by the context of Atonement.He takes deeply alluded to modernist conventions and makes them Brionys primary source of inspiration, seen most clearly when she ponders the new school of authors and realizes, She no longer really believed in characters. They were quaint devices that belonged to the ordinal centuryPlots too were like rusted machinery whose wheels would no longer turnIt was thought, perception, and sensations that interested he, the conscious mind and how to represent its onward roll (McEwan 265).There is a certain depth and complexity in the fact that McEwan represents these modernist conventions not as his own, save as those of a thirteen year old girl, the central character of his metanarrative. What McEwan does adjoining with these modernist principles of writing is attempt to show that they too are vestiges of the past, doomed to fall in the face of a more respectable and moral fiction. Just as Br iony rejects the realism of the authors of the nineteenth century, McEwan is rejecting the modernism of the 20th century in favor of a postmodernism.One of Brionys internal monologues to which the reader is privy, begins, The interminable pages about light and stone and water, a narrative split between three points of view, the hovering stillness of nothing much seeming to happennone of this could conceal her cowardliness (McEwan 302). These characteristics, all of which have been shown to influence Woolfian literature, have all failed Brionys attempt to hide what she knows she has done.The monologue continues in a similar vein with, Did she really think she could hide behind some borrowed notions of modern writing, and drown her guilt in a streamthree streams of consciousness? (McEwan 302). Her guilt and the moral and ethical implications of what she has done cannot be fixed through some outdated ideas of modernist fiction, which has no ethical consequences. There are allusions fro m dozens of modernists authors sprinkled throughout the length of Atonement. Unfortunately, the scope of this base can give only one of the most prominent.In a similar fashion as with the Woolf example, however, McEwan nearly always thoughtfully engages the text to which he is alluding, but is not content to merely allow these allusions to sit idly in the novel with no sense of plan. Rather, each of his numerous allusions has some greater purpose in Atonement as McEwan artfully transforms them into something that fits the overall scope of what he attempts to accomplish. Still, the question remains whether or not this book is an adequate culmination of all the readings in a 20th century British literature course.The fact that Atonement not only draws from modernist writers, many of whom are the focus of the aforementioned course, but attempts to extend them creatively and transform them from the 20th century modern to the 21st century postmodern makes Atonement an excellent novel a nd a fine culmination of a semester of 20th century British literature. Works Cited McEwan, Ian. Atonement. New York Anchor Books, 2001. Woolf, Virginia. Between the Acts. New York Harcourt, 2001.

Buy a Funeral House. Management Case scenario

When one wants to acquire a house, some(prenominal) investigations are done in order to ensure that the right type of house has been selected. The aforementioned(prenominal) thing is done when looking to purchase a funeral kinsperson. LaMarco comments that one must choose between make a funeral home from the start or a desire to purchase an existing funeral home. This paper aims at establishing why listing the elements one should evaluate before making a funeral home purchase is indispensable to the decision making process. LaMarco provides various instructions one should follow when one wants to start a funeral home A choice should be made on whether to build one from the start or procure an existing one. Purchasing a new one is clearly the easier choice though one should his give if he prefers custom made attributes. ane should also be educated on the fundamentals of conducting a funeral home such as embalming, transportation of bodies and the coordination of a funeral s ervice. Certification is necessary and in that locationfore the Funeral Service depicted object Board Examination (NBE) must be taken in order for one to become a licensed funeral director. Development of a business plan should be a priority since one requires a detailed and complete plan that is designed to get money from investors and enable the individual to establish the business. A lawyer with experience in the business of funeral homes should be enlisted for the purpose of obtaining the appropriate legal papers such as legal contracts that the future clients bequeath need to sign. However, the selection of the lawyers should be conducted through interviews to determine their competence. Nichole offers several steps required in order to buy a house.They are stated as follows One needs to check if he is able to afford the house. Among the factors to be considered, one needs to evaluate how oftentimes he set up manage to pay for the house, the amount to be paid monthly, h ow much money will be needed up front and if one is ready to purchase the house. The best way proposed to get hold of the conditions of acquire a house that is get a pre-approved loan. Investing in property with growing honour is a proposed choice. Some examples are provided whereby a potential buyer who is looking for a house that does non require any repairs or maintenance. One also needs to check on the amount of faith one has since this is more important than money that has been saved up for a first inst allment. The emergence of funeral homes all over the world has led to the creation of a social space that facilitates the preparation, display, and communication with the departed in a new way. When it comes purchasing a funeral home, one has to consider several factors based on look into of already operating funeral homes. (Kiplingers Personal Finance 70). For instance 1. Find out by conducting research what buying a funeral home involves This is not so difficult to do. One can easily look for information in pamphlets or books which are readily available on both outdoor and indoor project. One can also check for more information in the libraries, building supplies, or bookstores. In addition to getting information from reading sources like books, one can also go ahead and talk to the great unwashed already experienced in the business of funeral homes. Here one is guaranteed of first hand information. 2. Invest in a plan What kind o f a home do you want to buy in terms of size, location, and price?One may opt to build his or her plan from a plan that is already published, but turns out to be what one wants, or one can alternatively borrow ideas from plans that have already been published. 3. Compare different the prices There can be variation of prices depending on the location of the place and at the same time prices can vary at different seasons. If there happens to be emerge a difference between you and the seller, consider first whether the risk of putting up that particular funeral home in that location is worth the risk, the make the final decision of whether or not you are to go ahead with the purchase or not.

Management Case Study Essay

I.CURRENT SITUATIONA.Past Corporate Performance Indexesi. react Enterprise Incorporated wonder Enterprises, Inc. is an industry-leading level whose core byplay is theatrical role-establish frolic. enquires foundation and success is built on their proprietary library of oer 4,700 characters feature in a variety of media for nearly seventy years (1939-2004). admiration utilizes its character franchises in licensing agreements, and make of comic books through the element of respond Comics.ii.How it was formally organized First Management admiration had its initiative taste of corporate culture when founder Martin Goodman sold the create outfit that began life as judgment of convictionly Comics to Perfect Film and Chemical a comp whatsoever kn hold for film processing and mail recount drug sales in 1968. Perfect grouped inquire under the Magazine Management brand.1972 adage Stan Lee stepping in for Goodman as publisher, while p arnt company Perfect rebranded itself as Cad ence toilet the following year. The wonky Magazine Management Co. now officially became known as marvel Comics Group.iii. bracing human Pictures acquired administration of Cadence Industries for inquireMarvel cheer Group, Inc. (Marvel or MEG), the p arnt company of Marvel Comics and Marvel businesss, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its then parent flock, Cadence Industries. Marvel was sold to New general Pictures. Cadence Industries, formerly Perfect Film & Chemical Corporation, was an American manifold possess by Martin Marty S. Ackerman. In 1989, Ronald Perelmans MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought Marvel Entertainment Group from New creation for $82.5 million, not including Marvel Productions, which was folded into NewWorlds TV and movie business.It is a mini-Disney in damage of intellectual airscrew, said Perelman. Disneys got much more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are destinati pe erlessd action heroes. nevertheless at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and marketplaceing of characters.iv.Going Public, Bankruptcy and acquisition Perelmans GovernanceMarvel do an initial public offer of 40% of the stock in July 1991, giving $40 million from the proceeds to Andrews Group, Marvels then direct parent corporation within MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings. Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, Marvel acquired 46% of ToyBiz, for the rights to make Marvel toys. The Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films stratum and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World Entertainment secondary. New World later became a fellow subsidiary of the Andrews Group.In 1993 and 1994, Marvels holding companies Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. were form between Andrews Group and MEG and issued over half a billion dollars in bonds under the burster of Perelman, secured by Marvels rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlmans group of companies. Marvel act acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox International in April 1995. Under the governance of Perelman, Marvel withal purchased Heroes World Distri only whenion, a regional distributor to comic-book shops. Marvels attempt to distribute its intersections directly led to a decrease in sales and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble vote downped.While licensing revenue enhancement reached $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4, 1996. Perelman offered to have the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 1996, which would have required ToyBiz to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvels bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelmans plan. The Marvel group of companiesfiled fo r bankruptcy on declination 27, 1996, but the note holders, led by Icahn, occlude this.v.Marvel as Disney SubsidiaryOn August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and near 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the merger was approved. The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder vote, therefore giving Disney full self-will of Marvel Entertainment. The company was delisted from the New York Stock Ex remove under its ticker symbol (MVL), due to the ending of the deal.On June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to headway Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment. In June 2010, Marvel vex up a television division headed by Jeph Loeb as executive vice president. Three months later, smith & Tinker licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible ga me for Facebook and Apples mobile platform. On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its moorages to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) suite at 135 W. 50th Street, New York City, New York, under a nine-year sublease contract. Stan Lee Medias lawsuit over against Marvel was dismissed again in February 2011.In July 2011, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Marvel characters co-created by jacks Kirby would remain the property of Marvel.In bunt 2013, Feld Entertainment agreed with Marvel to take a leak a Marvel Character ground live arena show. Marvel was also launching a sunrise(prenominal) pop culture and lifestyle web show, Earths Mightiest Show.Current MissionMarvel Enterprises Inc. aims to successfully meet the needs of its customers by continuing to design, develop, market and distribute character superheroes that made the Companys name famous. It also aims at offeringits customers fresh and different characters all the time. Not only that, but Marvels goal was also to secure the best-in-class licensing first mates in all categories of its divisions in business.Current Objectives1.To root if Marvel can still increase the growth in their profit at a high level.2.To widen the range of their licensing activities.3.To continue to maintain have over the quality of the product, from design to final applied science and execution. 4.To determine if Marvel could continue to capitalize on a trammel set of prominent characters, to the highest degree notably Spiderman or could decide to shift focus to a larger set of lesser- known characters that might have the potential of becoming blockbuster characters but were largely unknown to the wider public. 5.To determine if Marvel could reckon beyond its current business model and coach on more capital-intensive but also fat activities.Current StrategiesMarvel was acquired by Toy Biz and was named as Marvel Enterprises Inc. In line with the change of its name was the total change in its management. The start was a difficult one. Marvels virgin strategy was first aimed at monetizing the content library via licensing characters for use with media products (such as toys, apparel, collectibles, and food). Managing the library of characters to foster semipermanent value was the second key focus of Marvels new management. Retaining some form of control over the creative process- to ensure the quality of the content that featured Marvel characters was the third main strategic dimension. Marvels management team hired well-known artists and writers to lead its creative efforts in the publishing division, including popular writers from the film and television industry, and had started to sign exclusive contracts with key creative talent.Current PoliciesSome of the policies implemented by Marvel Enterprises Inc. to its management are 1.Excluding its Spider- Man character from the deal with TBW (Hong Kong based autarkical Company) in creating the product design, marketingand sales because Spider-Man ha s a separate deal with Sony Pictures.2.Maintaining an incredible performance for its Toy division because competition was so intense at this industry. 3.Maintaining a wide channel of dispersal of its products. 4.Pursuing a modify base of studio partners, both to ensure their commitment to each project and to mitigate risks regarding Marvels motion picture division.5.Widening the range of its licensing activities for its characters. 6.Investing in profitable investment-related activities.7.Strictly implementing rules and linguistic rules in its management. 8.Maintaining an effective internal control over its management.II.Corporate GovernanceA.Board of Directorsi.DirectorsMarvels Board of Directors has three classes of coachs with staggered three-year terms.Sid Ganis and James F. Halpin were elect at the 2008 one-year collision as Class I directors to serve a three-year term.Morton E. Handel, F. hawkshaw Cuneo and Isaac Perlmutter were elected at the 2007 yearly opposition a s Class III directors to serve a three-year term.Richard L. Solar was elected, along with Avi Arad, who later resigned, at the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders as a Class II director to serve a three-year term. The Board of Directors elected James W. Breyer to replace Mr. Arad in June 2006, and Mr. Breyer is serving out the remainder of Mr. Arads term. In July 2007, the Board of Directors increase the size of the Board by one Board seat and elected Laurence N. Charney to serve as a Class II director until this annual meeting. to each one of Mr. Solar, Mr. Breyer and Mr. Charney has been nominated for election to a new three-year term at thisannual meeting.ii.Other DirectorsJames W. Breyer (Class II), 47, has been a Marvel director since June 2006. Mr. Breyer has served as a partner of the te Valley-based venture capital firm, Accel Partners, since 1995.Laurence N. Charney (Class II), 61, has been a Marvel director since July 2007. Mr. Charney retired from his position as a Part ner of Ernst & three-year-old LLP in 2007, having served that firm for over thirty-five years and engagement acceptance across all advantage lines. Mr. Charney served previously at Ernst & Young as an audit partner and was Marvels audit partner for its 1999 through 2003 audits. Mr. Charney is a elderberry bush(a) advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes in special and distressed situations.Richard L. Solar (Class II), 69, has been a Marvel director since December 2002. Since February 2003, Mr. Solar has been a management consultant and investor. From June 2002 to February 2003, Mr. Solar acted as a consultant for Gerber Childrenswear, Inc., a trafficker of popular-priced licensed apparel sold under the Gerber name, as well as under licenses from Baby weirdie Tunes, Wilson, Converse and Coca-Cola.iii.Directors Whos Terms Are ContinuingFor each member of the Board of Directors whose term of office as a director continues af ter the annual meeting, set forth below is the directors name, age as of March 9, 2009, caput occupation for at least the last five years, selected biographic information and period of service as a director.Sid Ganis (Class I), 69, has been a Marvel director since October 1999. Mr. Ganis is the President of the honorary society of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the organization that awards the Oscars. Mr. Ganis has been President of Out of the BlueEntertainment, a company that he founded, since September1996.Out of the BlueEntertainment is a provider of motion pictures, television and musical enjoyment for Sony Pictures Entertainment and some others. From January 1991 until September 1996, Mr. Ganis held various executive positions with Sony Pictures Entertainment, including Vice head of Columbia Pictures and President of Worldwide marketing for Columbia/TriStar Motion Picture Companies.James F. Halpin (Class I), 58, has been a Marvel director since March 1995. Mr. Halpin re tired in March 2000 as President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of CompUSA Inc., a retailer of ready reckoner hardware, software, accessories and related products, with which he had been employed since May 1993. Mr. Halpin was a director of Life Time Fitness, Inc. from February 2005 until August 2008.F. Peter Cuneo (Class III), 64, was Marvels President and Chief Executive Officer from July 1999 through December 2002 and served as the half-time Special Advisor to Marvels Chief Executive Officer from January 2003 through December 2004. Mr. Cuneo has been a Marvel director since July 1999, and since June 2003 he has served as a non-executive Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Cuneo is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes in special and distressed situations. Mr. Cuneo is a also director of Iconix Brands, Inc.Morton E. Handel (Class III), 73, has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of M arvel since October 1998 and was first prescribed as a director in June 1997. Mr. Handel served as a director of Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. from June 2005 until November 2008 and as a director of Linens N Things, Inc from 2000 until February 2006. Mr. Handel is also a Life Regent of the University of Hartford and is active on the boards of not-for-profit organizations in the Hartford, CT area.Isaac Perlmutter (Class III), 66, has been Marvels Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2005. Mr. Perlmutter has served as a senior executive of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment,Inc. that owns and licenses Marvels intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since January 2007 and has been employed by Marvel as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors since November 2001. Mr. Perlmutter has been a Marvel director since April 1993 and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until March 1995.B.Manage menti.Board Meetings and delegacysThe Board of Directors held at least 10 meetings annually. Each incumbent director attended, during the year, at least 75% of the aggregate number of Board of Directors meetings and applicable mission meetings held during the period in which he served as a director. The Board of Directors committees include the Nominating and Corporate Governance perpetration, study Committee, Compensation Committee, Film Slate Committee and Strategic Planning Committee.ii.Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Corporate Governance Committees function is (i) to identify individuals qualified to become members of the Board of Directors (ii) to advise individuals for selection by the Board of Directors as nominees for election as directors at the following(a) annual meeting of stockholders and (iii) to develop and recommend to the Board of Directors a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines and the modification of those guidelines from time to time. The Corporate Gove rnance Committee is comprised of Messrs. Halpin (chairman) and Ganis. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three times annually. The Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs, Halpin and Ganis is nonsymbioticiii.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committees function is (i) to directly appoint, retain, compensate, evaluate and, where appropriate, terminate Marvels independentregistered public accounting firm (ii) to assist the Board in its oversight of the justice of Marvels financial statements, Marvels compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent registered public accounting firms qualifications and independence, and the performance of Marvels internal audit function and the independent registered public accounting firm and (iii) to prepare the report required to be included in Marvels annual proxy statement, which follows.The Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by its independ ent registered public accounting firm including the compensation to be paid for those services. The Audit Committee has established a form _or_ system of government regarding pre-approval of audit and non-audit services, and has delegated its authority to pre-approve audit and non-audit services to its chairman, who reports any such pre-approvals to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. In accordance with the Audit Committees pre-approval policy, the Audit Committee does not engage its independent registered public accounting firm to perform non-audit services that are precluded by law or commandment or any services that would impair the firms independence.iv.Compensation CommitteeOur chief executive officeholder is invited to attend meetings of the Compensation Committee and to offer recommendations on compensation of other executives or directors, but he does not vote in the committees final determinations, and decisions concerning his own compensation are made in his absenc e. The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain compensation consultants to assist it in making its decisions.During 2008, the members of Marvels Compensation Committee were Messrs. Halpin and Ganis. N all of those individuals was an policeman or employee of Marvel, or of any of its subsidiaries, during 2008 or formerly, nor did either of them have any relationship requiring disclosure in Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons, below. none of our executive officers served in 2008 on the compensation committee of anyother company that had an executive officer serving as a Marvel director. None of our executive officers served in 2008 as a director of any other company that had an executive officer serving on our Compensation Committee..v.Executive OfficersBelow are the positions held with Marvel, and selected biographical information for our executive officers, other than Mr. Perlmutter, whose information is found under About Our Directors, above.1.Alan Fine , 58, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. that owns and licenses Marvels intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since May 2007. Mr. Fine also has served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvels publishing division since September 2004. Mr. Fine served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvels toy division from August 2001 until that division was unopen in early 2008.2.David Maisel , 46, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006 and became Chairman of Marvel Studios in March 2007. From September 2005 until September 2006, Mr. Maisel served as Executive Vice President, Corporate knowledge and from September 2005 until March 2007, Mr. Maisel served as Vice Chairman of Marvel Studios. From January 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Maisel served as President and Chief Oper ating Officer of Marvel Studios. From October 2001 to November 2003, Mr. Maisel headed Corporate Strategy and Business Development for Endeavor Agency, a Hollywood literary and talent agency.3.Simon Philips , 40, has served as President, Worldwide Consumer Products since October 2008 and as CEO of Marvel Animation since January 2008. Mr. Philips served as President, Marvel International from November 2006 to October 2008. From November 2003 to November 2006, Mr. Philips served as the Managing Director of 4Kids Entertainment International. Mr. Philips servedas chief executive officer of LDI, a licensing and swap company, from 1996 to 2003.4.John Turitzin , 53, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006. From February 2006 until September 2006, Mr. Turitzin served as Marvels Chief Administrative Officer. Mr. Turitzin has also served as Executive Vice President and General way since February 2004. 5.Kenneth P. West , 50, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2002.vi.Code of EthicsMarvel has adopted a code of ethics applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and persons performing similar functions. We have also adopted a code of business conduct and ethics which is applicable to all employees and directors.III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATSA.Social Environmentstinting/Demographic ForcesEntertainment industry is targeting sectioned groups that have been long ignored including ethic cultures, language, religion and women and in case by case basis adults only products.Technological/Physical ForcesEntertainment is available in variety of ways including online, cell phone, and on-demand video. Sales in traditional entertainment merchandise has dropped. Social/Cultural ForcesEntertainment has reached out to the community conscious in educating it on events and beliefs in the community. policy-making/Legal ForcesEntertainment outlets are facing parental lawsuits to prevent particular products from being place and/or sold in a market or setting. Producers mustkeep vigilant on product content in order to deal with either self regulated or government regulation in order to guarantee an investment return. The threat of piracy and illegal licensing is at stake in the entertainment industry. The entertainment industry lobbies to protect copyrighted product.B.Task EnvironmentCompetitorsThe entertainment industry no consider how fragmented it appears much of what is produced. In terms of entertainment is held closely by three US based media conglomerates, Disney, Viacom, and Time Warner. These conglomerates direct the entertainment market and the direction of the media. The Licensing segment competes with a diverse range of entities that own intellectual property rights in characters. These include DC Comics (a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc.), The Walt Disney Company, NB C Universal, Inc. (a subsidiary of General electric automobile Company), DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and other entertainment-related entities. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do. The Publishing segment competes with numerous publishers in the United States. Some of the Publishing segments competitors, such as DC Comics, are part of structured entertainment companies and may have greater financial and other resources than we do.The Publishing segment also faces competition from other entertainment media, such as movies and video games. The Toy segment competes with many a(prenominal) larger toy companies in the design and development of new toys, in the procurement of licenses and for adequate retail shelf space for its products. The larger toy companies include Hasbro, Mattel Inc., and Jakks Pacific, Inc. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than the Company. The toy industrys highly competitive enviro nment continues to place cost pressures on manufacturers and distributors. discretional spending among potential toy consumers is limited and the toy industry competes for those dollars along with the makers of computers and video games. The Film Production segment competes with other film producers, including major studios such as Twentieth Century Fox and Sony Pictures (which also produce films licensed by our Licensing segment). Many of these producers are part of integrated entertainmentcompanies and have greater financial and other resourcesThreat of New EntrantsThere is always the possibility of new entrants in the entertainment industry. Producers and/or manufacturers may create a product to carve out a particular market or segment niche. The industry has a history of employees banding together to create a new product to compete in the already in the full field, but getting a local anaesthetic or national distribution is challenging smaller entertainment providers team with already established distribution unit have an excellent chance of breaking ground into the market.Threat of Substitute ProductsThe threat of any type substitute in the entertainment industry is high. Most often than not, the threat comes in time of gift giving season when marketing dollars are spent more to sway people from one product to the other. This time of the year is also filled with hopes of new products entering the market to capture a hungry audience. Bargaining Power of SuppliersSuppliers are creating new outlets for the entertainment industry through technological advances. The succeeder for battle technological supremacy will lie solely on which technological outlet has the virtually partners.Bargaining Power of BuyersConsumers have the ability to patronize or not to patronize an entertainment outlet. However, the limited ownership prevents consumers from believing they will never deal with a company they have been dissatisfied with in the past.IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMEN T STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSESA.Corporate StructureMarvel is a multidivisional company that has three segments which are highly integrated and vertically differentiated. Licensing The Licensing segment earns revenues from selling rights to movies, television production companies, video game publishers, and merchandise manufacturers to use itscharacter properties. The licensing business concentrates on a few large licensees, and attempts to manage and re-segment opportunities with its characters, creating classic editions, youth editions, and movie editions to take advantage of every revenue opportunity. Publication The Publishing segment produces, markets, and sells comic books. This business publishes comic books and novels about the companys characters, and licenses characters from other sources and turns them into graphic novels. Toys The Toys segment collects royalties and service fees from Hasbro. The company has an exclusive toy merchandising agreement with Hasbro (HAS) until D ecember 31, 2011, that began in 2007. Prior to this, most revenues in the Toy segment were made from toys produced by Marvel. Movie Production The movie production arm of the company was set up to independently produce films and grow revenues. The new Films segment produces films featuring Marvels characters like Iron Man.B.Corporate CultureHonesty and integrity are the key organizational values of Marvel. The company gives importance in maintaining company reputation as well as fairness and awareness even with competitors.Marvel considers its almost 5000 character library as 5000 assets. The company looks forward to become even larger with the Disney merger. The company shares many shared values and maintains a constant renewing process.Marvel provides its people with Corporate Governance Guidelines, Corporate Code of Business wear and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. These provides them with a brief description of their obligations and offer ins truction concerning how to conduct their business in a manner consistent with their high ethical value.C.Corporate Resources1.Marketing2.Finance3.Research and Development4.Operations and Logistics5.Human Resources6.Information Systems