Assessing the Essence of Teh Eclectic Paradigm Essay

Viewpoints habitually featured incorporate worldwide media and broadcast communications, worldwide brands, overall creation and coordinated budgetary markets. At the bleeding edge of these wonders are Multi National Enterprises (MNEs), profiting by the opening of business sectors over the globe, and from progresses in figuring and web innovation, which make it conceivable to interface distant in worldwide systems. Thinking about these components, globalization can additionally be characterized as the way toward expanding and extending connections among people and associations over the globe, encouraged by propelling correspondences innovation and the opening of business sectors to exchange and speculation. Hypotheses of International creation have endeavored to clarify the assembly towards a globalized world, while tending to the various kinds of worldwide extensions. These speculations have concentrated on MNEs and Foreign Direct Investment (FDIs). FDI can be characterized as venture by an association in a business in another nation, with the end goal of setting up creation in the host nation. While Raymon Vernon is known for his hypothesis of Product life cycle, Stephen Hymer laid accentuation on the area and proprietorship focal points of nations, which helped in drawing in FDI from MNEs. John Dunning consolidated Internalization to the examination of Hymer, which got known as the Eclectic Paradigm (or OLI Paradigm), one of the most extensive hypothetical clarifications with explicit spotlight on FDI. Still the Eclectic Paradigm is being tested in the advanced globalized world, as it neglects to consider the ramifications of existing methods of section of MNEs, just as the upsides of Alliance Capitalism. It is being examined further in this report. Speculations of International creation have significantly encouraged the comprehension of the globalization marvel. Various scholars at various time stretches endeavored to legitimize the development of MNEs over the globe. Hymer (1970) was the first to suggest that MNEs are foundations of universal creation instead of global capital development. Still he disregarded the regular blemishes credited to exchange costs in a defective market. In today’s world, with the expansion on Internet use, blemishes like bureaucratic obstacles and control of dispersion frameworks (Bain, 1956) are missing. Indeed, even the defects like value determinism and data move are contracting. Along these lines it very well may be contended that Hymer’s significant commitment identifying with the significance of basic market blemish in deciding FDI action doesn't hold useful for enterprises, which are extending all around through e-channels (for example). Vernon (1966) thought of the International Product Life Cycle (IPLC) hypothesis, which clarified the locational measurement of FDI. As indicated by him, creation first beginnings in the nation of origin fro neighborhood markets, and sending out is utilized to accomplish remote markets. As the item develops and creation is normalized, creation moves to less created nations to diminish work costs. The fundamental suspicion of the IPLC is that information isn't similarly and all around disseminated (Vernon, 1966). This suspicion, be that as it may, isn't pertinent in today’s world, as Vernon (1979) himself concedes that there is a progressively ideal dissemination of information over the globe. He contends that organizations who are worldwide scanners follow an unexpected pattern in comparison to that of the IPL approach, on the grounds that such firms can viably filter worldwide markets for the best factor gifts. However, a great deal has been examined and said on the hypotheses of International creation, yet none of the methodologies (Hymer, Vernon, Barney) at the same time clarifies the significance of assets heterogeneity, enterprising skill, organize administration and the ascent of coalition private enterprise. Subsequently, an all-encompassing expository structure is required, that can integrate these divergent perspectives and record for the significance of area based favorable circumstances and proprietorship preferences. Such a structure was created by Dunning (1973; 1988; 1993) known as The Eclectic Paradigm. It is a structure that clarifies the development of MNEs by uniting unique hypotheses. As per Dunning, the Eclectic Paradigm is less of an elective hypothesis of International creation and to a greater degree a system that blends the fundamental and basic attributes of every primary hypothetical clarification on the development of MNEs. For over two decades the Eclectic Paradigm (EP) stays a broadly utilized general system for examining the development of MNCs and Dunning has likewise constantly updated and stretched out the EP to clarify changing aspects of MNCs. Dunning (1988) has re-expressed that the EP is strong and general enough to consolidate future advancements like recharged the attention on business and the rise of worldwide systems (Dunning, 1995). The Eclectic Paradigm clarifies that the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and development of worldwide partnerships (MNCs) is connected to the degree and nature of possession explicit favorable circumstances of the firm, the degree and nature of area bound blessings, and the degree to which markets for these focal points are best disguised by the from itself. To put it plainly, it is the design of these Ownership (O), Location (L) and Internalization (I) preferences that decides a firm’s global creation and development. In a fairly refreshed form, Dunning (1988) portrays the three fundamental components for universal extension: * Ownership Advantages are special serious or monopolistic points of interest, regularly created in the home market, that grant the firm to contend effectively in abroad markets. These components are of two sorts: Asset Advantages emerge from exclusive responsibility for resources ensured by auxiliary market twists, and Transactional favorable circumstances give a remarkable ability to catch an incentive from the exchange advantages of claiming a system of benefits situated in various nations. * Location factors, attached to the nearby outside market, which make creation in the host nation best. These are fixed elements, for example, less expensive work, high transportation costs, neighborhood picture or exchange obstructions, that can be joined with transferable middle of the road proprietorship advantages for create predominant items. Disguise factors, commonly identified with the business, produce value-based market disappointment in moving possession favorable circumstances to outside business sectors. This likewise clarifies the naming of the EP as the OLI setup also. The mixed model, at that point, arranged the key components of neo-traditional hypothes is †area, modern association hypothesis †monopolistic favorable position and disguise hypothesis †value-based effectiveness. It utilized this mixed blend to create an inside predictable, convincing and testable model of the global firm and its vital procedures.

Funeral Home and Social Groups, an Important Part of American Society essays

Memorial service Home and Social Groups, an Important Part of American Society expositions Social gatherings have existed all through mankind's history, and are just characterized as having at least two people who associate and relate to each other (Macionis). Social gatherings assume a critical job in our lives. They structure an essential piece of the social connections that decide human social conduct (Peter Berger Invitation to Sociology). Social gatherings can exist with in a wide and differing structure. They can comprise essentially of social gatherings that depend on social classes like sexual orientation, race, class, interests, or age. They can likewise exist inside establishments like family, law, religion, the media, training, medication, business, not-for-profit associations, expressions of the human experience, science, and callings. Social gatherings can incorporate family gatherings (in view of marriage and connection connections), work gatherings (in view of business), peer gatherings (in light of age), and even kinship gatherings (in light of sentiments of fellowship between individuals) (Peter Berger Invitation to Sociology). Gathering elements are driven by various elements. Intra- bunch points of view, for example, similarity, authority, and collective choice making assume a significant job in bunch elements. Further, between gathering points of view like social character, generalizing, and social order are significant in the connections between gatherings (Stangor). Formal associations can go about as a huge social gathering, and face their own exceptional contemplations. These gatherings are affected by the connections between associations themselves, change in the association, connections between the association and its condition, and strife inside the association. In that capacity, hierarchical conduct, whole sub order of human science and brain research has grown up around the investigation of the Present day American culture comprises of a wide number of social gatherings and associations, including school, government, family, strict, and s... <!

Important Things to Remember When Buying Research Paper

Important Things to Remember When Buying Research PaperWhen buying research paper, there are a few things that you need to be aware of. The list below will give you the information you need to be able to decide if the paper is for you.The most important thing to remember is that this is not something that you should be buying blindly and expecting to make money. There are some methods which will pay off but others will not. It is therefore important to spend some time researching your options.Going through this process will also help you to avoid purchasing something that will have a poor reputation. When looking at the key advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques, you will be able to take some things into consideration. This is important because there are many people out there who like to claim they have the best technique or item. This can lead to problems when it comes to judging the quality of the paper.When buying research paper, you need to keep in mind that a hig her quality paper is always going to cost more. This is due to the fact that it takes more time to print the paper and the printer is likely to print faster. However, the quality of the paper is also dependent on the type of paper being used and the type of printer.It is therefore important to take your time when looking at the different types of research paper. This means that it is not always right to go for the cheapest option. This is because you can get more out of a set of paper that has been well written than one that has not been written correctly.This is important because it can be an expensive method of buying the papers that you need. To keep down the costs of your research papers, it is important to only buy from trusted sites. The methods that can be used by online companies should be avoided, as they are not going to give you the best deals.If you do not believe you can get good results with a company, you can then look at other options and different methods of getting your research papers. For example, you could use a printer that will allow you to write the paper yourself. This will also save you money and you can still get a quality paper.If you are a student, one of the most important thing to remember is that if you are looking to buy research paper you need to ask for a piece of paper. This is so that you can get a rough idea of what you are going to be paying for. This way you will be able to determine the kind of paper that you can expect. It can then be decided whether or not it is really worth the cost.

History of England in the 19th and Early 20th Century Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Just as phase one of industrialization stumbled into self-made depression and crisis, so phase two bred its own difficulties. The years between 1873 and 1896 are known to economic historians, who have discussed them more eagerly than any other phase of nineteenth-century business conjecture, as the Great Depression. (Hobsbawm 1999). Just as phase one of industrialization stumbled into self-made depression and crisis, so phase two bred its own difficulties. The years between 1873 and 1896 are known to economic historians, who have discussed them more eagerly than any other phase of nineteenth-century business conjecture, as the Great Depression. (Hobsbawm 1999). This deceleration of the economy could be attributed to the early pioneering of new and untried technology (Hudson 2001). As according to Hudson, Britain had become the workshop of the world from which its competitors had learned through its various mistakes. As competitors grew stronger and they enter the markets of the empires and caused destabilization through price wars, the British economy had slipped into Weakening of the UK due to wars. The success of the UK in the 19th century was followed by the weakening of the empire s force due to the two World Wards that it was involved. We will write a custom essay sample on History of England in the 19th and Early 20th Century or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page They, as well as people with special skills that were greatly rewarded such as engineering, comprised the growing middle class in the UK during the 19th and early 20th century. Increased demand resulted from rising incomes particularly for the middle classes and for workers with particular skills such as engineering (Hudson 2001).

Alcoholics Should NOT Be Eligible to Receive Organ...

In modern medicine, we have the ability to transplant organs from one person to another, with the hopes that this will greatly improve the length and quality of life for the patient receiving the transplant. Ten years ago, there were 53,167 people on the transplant list. By the beginning of 2015, the list increased to over 123,000 people waiting for that miracle call stating that they found a match and the transplant can now happen. One reason for the increase in people on the list is that people in the age group between 50-70 years old are now considered to be viable candidates for transplant due to medical advances. However, by December, 2014, twenty-one people were dying each day while waiting for a transplant. (Benjamin Samstein,†¦show more content†¦There is even a possibility of creating embryonic stem cells from the patient by cloning their own cells. (Perry) A person, who has trashed their body with alcoholism and required a transplant, should not be eligible for a second transplant if they again were abusing alcohol. Especially over a person, to no fault of their own, is battling a liver disease. In an article from the Canadian Medical Association Journal by E. Kluge, he states that â€Å"people who engage in poor lifestyle choices are behaving irresponsibly and could have prevented their illness and are, in essence, increasing the need for organs and depriving people who have no control over their need of necessary treatment.† (Kluge, 2004) People suffering from psychosis, dementia, Down Syndrome, malignant cancers, and continuing substance or not eligible for transplants, active alcoholics are not eligible because of their unhealthy lifestyle would only result in the failure of the new liver. Based on long term studies of alcoholism, remissions and relapses, there are factors that indicate favorable outcomes. If the patient is involved in activities to take the place of the drinking, being in a caring long-term relationship and having a positive self esteem will help with sobriety. If at least two of these factors are present, the patient is more likely to remain abstinent for three years or more. (Abhinandana Anantharaju) When a doctor is faced with whether or not toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesCongress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics in 1999. Chris is a frequent contributor to the AP Statistics ElectronicRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesorganization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of

Essay on Of mice and Men - 1058 Words

The film â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was a fantastic transformation of the Steinbeck novel that has many different intricacies that can only be viewed in a movie. Gary Sinise is the director of the movie and also plays the role of George. This movie was made in 1992, and for a fairly old movie, Sinise adapts this classic novel with great exploration of characters. I feel that the movie is at a much higher level in entertainment than the book it was derived from. Though I believe Steinbeck does an outstanding job in the novel to set the reader’s imagination on many aspects such as the time period, what George and Lennie look like, and how other characters interact with George and Lennie, I found that Sinise does an unbelievable job at visually†¦show more content†¦It seems to take place in the southern part of the United States, because of the increased ethnic tensions we see in the movie. For example there is Crooks, who is isolated from everyone else because of the color of his skin. Also, the clothing worn by the actors was very true to the time frame. The audience can actually feel that they are back in that time period by watching this movie. The clothing worn by Lennie and George showed that they were not well off, as were the majority of the population during the Great Depression. In the movie, the actors were very good. In scenes the audience would get emotional. An example is when Carlson shoots Candys old dog, and Candy lies down on the bed and tosses and turns in pain. In the movie, I actually felt sympathetic for Curleys wife since she seemed to always be the victim. This is something I had not felt in the book. Also, the very last scene when George shoots Lennie and then he starts to cry. In many ways the movie is very similar to the book. Right from the beginning of the movie you can see that Lennie has a mental illness, and George is taking care of him like a father. Also, you can tell that George gets impatient with Lennie numerous times and that he gets frustrated very easily. The characters speeches were very strong in language, just like the speeches were in the novel. The characters in the movie are almost exactly like their book counterparts. Lennie is very big andShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men1242 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan states that, in the state of nature mans life is nasty, brutish and short. In depression era America, no greater truth could be said. There were millions unemployed, largely unskilled and living on the margins of society. The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crimeRead MoreOf Mice and Men961 Words   |  4 PagesPeople have a tendency to lose sight of their goals and dreams. Mentally, people struggle to maintain their sanity in this game of life that has no set of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the inequality between people’s dreams and what can actually be accomplished. John Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of friendship and loneliness, through his deep characterization and connection between characters i n order to illustrate â€Å"The American dream.† TheRead MoreOf Mice and Men1352 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay - Fate or Choice? Choice is defined by the ‘Shorter Oxford Dictionary’ as; â€Å"The act of choosing; preferential determination between things proposed.† It also states the definition for fate; â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which events are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† Is our life choice, can we determine our fate by choosing our path or is our destiny determined for us? John Steinbeck puts forward this question in his novella Of Mice and MenRead MoreMice and men1998 Words   |  8 PagesHey this essay is about me not having one and just wanting a free account.GCSE JOHN STEINBECK The first 200 words of this essay... à ¯Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¿Of Mice and Men Essay à ¢Of Mice and Menà ¢ is the fictional short novel written by John Steinbeck in 1937. Steinbeckà ¢s perspective when writing the novel could be based on the fact that he had once worked on a ranch and had a certain fascination about it. The novel is set in 1930s America and this can be seen as the cause of the very enduring culmination that takesRead MoreOf Mice and Men1006 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of every novel.† In your view, what are the distinctive ideas explored in Of Mice and Men? Explain how these ideas are developed throughout the novel. Themes are integral and fundamental aspects which render the literature valuable. They usually provide insight into the author’s perception and internalisations of the world in which they live. Set in California during the Great Depression, Of Mice and Men, by Steinbeck, illustrates the hardships experienced by individuals as they roamed theRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductiveRead MoreOf Mice and Men1035 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship of George and Lenny The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines.  Ã‚  George was a small man who acted worldly and wise.  Ã‚  Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child.  Ã‚  Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going.  Ã‚  The two men were not able to stay in one placeRead MoreOf Mice and Men547 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s landmark novel Of Mice and Men is perhaps best known for its revolutionary telling of two characters that are very different, but have come to rely on each other to survive during the Great Depression. The two characters are men named George and Lenny. George is somewhat of an average fellow who has no real special skills or attributes. Lenny is large and abnormally strong, but unfortunately has the mind of a child. Le nnie looks up to George as if he were a role model. This statementRead MoreMice and Men822 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other work. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages’ and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many people in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant eventsRead MoreOf Mice and Men1171 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Q- â€Å"I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her† what is the reader supposed to think about Curley’s wife? * How is she described by the other characters? * How the author describes her * How she speaks/behaves * Her dreams * Is she the cause of all the trouble Written By Ruqayyah Draey Curley’s wife is not well described and respected by the other characters. She is often looked down upon and discriminated

Importance of Leadership

Questions: 1. Write about the importance of Leadership nowadays by providing the real life example such as Apple.2. Discuss about the Leadership Theories supported by journal articles. In details, discuss about the "Trait Approach", "Behavioral Approach", "Contingency Approach".3. Discuss about different types of Leadership. In details, discuss about the "Charismatic Leadership", "Transformational Leadership", and "Transactional Leadership". Answers: Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior, thoughts, and attitudes of others in the process of setting direction to help others to rise to the challenges to what lies ahead. Leaders thus see the potential in an individual, encourage, and inspire them to greater heights of their responsibilities (Belias Koustelios 2015, p. 103). A good leader should thus lead by example as poor leadership tends to degenerate to conflicts as every individual sees things differently and will tend to lean towards different solutions. Leadership is thus important as it helps everything work together for the good of both the employees and the organization (Zydziunaite, Lepaite Suominen 2013, p. 231). Leaders have the responsibility of training the staff as well as monitoring their progress and completion of responsibilities as he garners enthusiasm for the organization and brings the best out of the employees. The objectives can thus be achieved only if the employees feel supported and safe in their working environment. Leadership is thus important in the following aspects; Helps followers to fulfill their needs In the process of establishing a personal relationship with the followers, a leader helps individual in fulfilling their needs. For example, Belias and Koustelios (2015, p. 106) suggests that an individual will only be considered as a leader and will be followed by particular people if they feel the individual is beneficial to them in certain ways. For instance, the leadership of Apple Company is effective as it provides the employees with the security they need to access opportunities that will enable them earn wealth and give them the right to work. The employees of the organization hence see their leaders as people who meet such needs for them and hence they willingly accept their motivate skills that enables them to work with enthusiasm and dedication. Introduces the required changes in an organization Kereem (2016, p. 10) suggests that with the rapid change in the current business environment, organizations tend to introduce many changes in the organization so as to cope up with the ever-increasing competition. For instance, Apple Company adopts ever changing innovation skills in the mobile and technological industry. The leadership thus readily influences individuals to make relevant changes so as to be able to effectively compete with other organizations in the market. Any opposition to such changes will thus be eliminated depending on the strength and leadership ability of the organizations management. Essential for effective conflict resolution Depending on the weight of the influence of leadership, conflicts between the employees or even the employer and the employees can be solved effectively. Effective leadership in an organization thus allows the employees to express their views, understands the nature of the presented conflict and provides a timely solution thus minimizing possible adverse results that may arise due to the conflict (Zydziunaite, Lepaite Suominen 2013, p. 229). Development and training of the subordinates Effective leadership in an organization will ensure the employees are regularly given the relevant training from time to time so as to develop their performance skills in the particular areas of their performance. For instance, Vrontis and Iain (2013, P. 300) reports that the success of Coca-Cola Company is as a result of effective leadership of the organization. The leadership ensures that the employees are equipped with the relevant information on the modern working techniques such as new methods of marketing, distribution, and product advertisement. The organization has thus currently adopted technology which has seen the company maintain a record of success as one of the best soft drinks company globally. Such development steps when effectively adopted enables organizations to equip their employees to be good leaders as well. Influences the behavior of individuals Effective leadership brings the subordinates into control and motivates them to put their best effort in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization so as to achieve effective results (Belias Koustelios 2015, p. 110 and Shao 2016, p. 133). From both Apple and Coca-Cola Companies, it is evidenced that leading by example creates cohesiveness in an organization thus making the staff be more engaged with trust and respect to the leadership Question two: Theories of leadership Trait approach Trait theory believes that people are either made or born with particular qualities that support them to excel in leadership roles. Qualities such as creativity, intelligence, sense or responsibility, and self-control among other good characters contribute to good leadership qualities in an individual. As a result, trait approach focuses on the analysis of social, mental, and physical characteristics so as to gain more understanding of the combination of characteristics or traits found among leaders. However, Walker and Aritz (2016, p. 460) note that many studies tend to focus on low-level managers as other studies to do clearly explain the relation between the impact on leadership and each characteristic. Therefore, studies on the trait leadership approach tend to focus less on the context of qualities of leadership in different organizations. Behavioral approaches The behavioral leadership approach focuses on the leadership behavior as opposed to their mental, social, and physical characteristics. Here, with psychometric evolution, studies such as Belias Koustelios (2015, p. 110) and Shao (2016, p. 133) measure the cause as well as the effect of the relationship of particular human behavior from leaders. The two reviews focus on the questions such as do leadership involves dictation of what needs to be accomplished or does it involve other employees in the decision-making so as to encourage support and acceptance? The results of the review report three different types of leaders depending on their behavior i.e. autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leaders. On the other hand, Solaja, Idowu and James (2016, p. 100) in their study evaluate the behavioral patterns observed in successful leaders. For example, a leader who motivates the desired behaviors on employees by scolding the individuals that arrive late at work and show appreciation as well to the employees that arrive at work on time. The behavioral theory thus focuses on the behavior of a leader in the process of delegating their roles and duties within an organization (Kareem 2016, p. 10). Contingency approach According to Monzani, Ripoll, and Peir (2015, p. 449), contingency approach argues that there is no particular way of leading as every leadership style is based on particular situations. According to the theory, the environment has a great influence on the performance of leaders as some people can perform best under certain conditions and still perform worst under certain circumstances. At some point, Lili (2013, p. 420) notes that contingency theory is related to trait theory as the environment or situation in which a leader exercises their role is dependent on their human trait. The same idea is supported by Azar and Asiabar (2015, p. 4) who in their studies conclude that contingency theory thus focuses on predicting the best leadership style that can be adopted for particular circumstances. Therefore, contingency theory has no set of traits or psychological profile that has a direct link with leadership (Martin 2015, p. 235). However, it is the interaction between the individual traits and the prevailing conditions that lead to the creation of effective leadership. Fielders model of contingency leadership thus focuses on the situation and the interaction of the leadership style in relation to the authority of leadership and the structured aspects of the tasks to be achieved (Zydziunaite, Lepaite Suominen 2013, p. 237). Question Three: Different types of leaderships Leadership plays a major role in the successful performance of an organization as every organization is created with a purpose to achieve particular objectives. As a result, effective leadership is essential in ensuring the organization coordinates its activities so as to achieve the set goals and objectives. Good leadership is hence the backbone to the success of any organization as the performance of the workforce is solely dependent on direction and motivation from the leadership (Walker, Aritz 2015, p. 458). Therefore, there are different types of leadership styles that can be experienced in a workplace each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. The types of leadership styles adopted are dependent on the goals and culture of the organization as well as the task to be completed (Solaja, Idowu James 2016, p. 101). These include transactional, charismatic, transformational, participative, and autocratic types of leadership. Transactional Transactional type of leadership is where the leader allocates the task to be performed by those under him and finally give rewards or punishments based on the results of performance. The team members and the managers together set predetermined goals which the employees agree to follow under the direction of the leadership to accomplish the goals (Martin 2016, p. 335 and Tristan 2016, p. 24). On the other hand, Lili (2013, p. 442) notes that transactional manager has the power of reviewing the results as well as the training and correcting the team members or employees in case they fail to meet the set objectives and goals. The employees are given rewards such as promotions, bonuses, payment increase when they accomplish the goals. Transformational According to Arnold et al., 2015 (p. 485) transformational leadership is dependent on the high level of communication from the leadership or management on guidance and instructions of meeting the goals and objectives of the organization. Tristan (2016, p. 25) also notes that such leadership enhances efficiency and productivity by motivating employees through high visibility and communication as the style involves the management in order to meet the goals of the organization. Leaders tend to delegate smaller tasks to the team in accomplishing the goals of the organization as they focus on the big picture of the organization. Charismatic According to Kareem (2016, p. 10), charismatic type of leadership involves the creation of a powerful self-image depending on the level of his charm and persuasiveness. For example, a business leader having charismatic leadership skills can be enlisted to launch a new product line or orchestrate a turnaround. Charismatic type of leadership is thus driven by the commitment and conviction of the leader towards achieving their cause (Arnold et al., 2015, p. 453). They tend to use powerful oratory with an engaging personality as well as a unweaving commitment toward a positive change in the organization. The charisma in leadership tends to be identified during the crisis as the leaders as seen to exhibit a unique or exceptional devotion and expertise in different facets of positive change and development (Monzani, Ripoll, Peir 2015, p. 450). Participative It is also known to be the democratic leadership style where the leaders give high priority to the input of the members as he has the responsibility for final decision making. Monzani, Ripoll, and Peir (2015, p. 450) note that involving the employees in decision-making processes boosts the morale of the employees and makes them feel that their opinion also matters in the organization. In the case of the need of making changes, participative leadership enables the employees to easily accept changes as they play a role in the changes (Tristan 2016, p. 28). List of references Arnold, K, Connelly, C, Walsh, M, Martin Ginis, K 2015, 'Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout',Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 4, pp. 481-490, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 June 2016 Azar, F, Asiabar, A 2015, 'Does leadership effectiveness correlates with leadership styles in healthcare executives of Iran University of Medical Sciences',Medical Journal Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran, 29, pp. 1-5, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 June 2016. Belias, D, Koustelios, A 2015, 'Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture in the Greek Banking Organization',Journal Of Management Research (09725814), 15, 2, pp. 101-110, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 June 2016. 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